Contrastive Conjuction and Modal Perfect

Contrastive Conjunction

Contrastive conjuction merupakan jenis kata penghubung (conjuction) yang menghubungkan dua kalimat yang saling bertentangan.

Passive Sentence

Passive sentence is a sentence we use when the object is more important than subject. Passive sentence often use in newspaper, magazine,etc.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech). Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (“…”) and should be word for word.

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn’t use quotation mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past. The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

Now, how to change direct speech into indirect speech?

Narrative Text

Hampir semua orang tentu tahu apa itu dongeng. Apalagi kalau waktu kecil suka didongengi, pasti tahu cerita yang digambarkan pada gambar di atas. Apalagi kalau bukan Si Kancil dan Buaya.
Nah, segala macam cerita yang fiksi termasuk dalam Narrative Text. Termasuk cerita Si Kancil dan Buaya.
Mari kita bahas lebih lanjut tentang Narrative Text !

Persuading and Encouraging, Preventing Someone from Doing Something

Persuading

Persuading is an expression to persuade someone. So, someone want to do something as like as persuader’s request.
 

Expressions of Persuading :

• Are you really sure you can’t/couldn’t...?
• Don’t be so silly!
• I really think it would be a pity if we didn’t...
• Are you quite sure you won’t consider...?
• Buy me this one, Mom, please ?
• I really think you’d do well to...
• Oh, come on!
• Can’t I persuade you to...
• Let’s join... You won’t regret it.
• I’m begging you. Will you...?
• Just this once!
• How I can persuade you to…?
• Won't you… Please?
• Why don't you…?
• You're not going to let me down, are you?
• Not even for me/for my sake?

Encouraging

Encouraging is an expressions to give someone support or motivation to do something so he/she can achieve the goals.
How to Encourage Someone ?

If your goal is to learn how to encourage someone, follow the quick below guide:
1. Praise
2. Show people their strength
3. Show appreciation
4. Believe in them
5. Be a positive role model
 

Expressions of Encouraging :

• Don’t worry. I’m sure you’ll do better the next time.
• You have my support.
• You’re doing very well.
• You like it? Go for it!
• It wouldn’t hurt.
• Keep at it!
• Stick to it!
• Give it a shot.
• Come on. This is not the end of the    world.
• We feel you should go ahead.
• I’m sure you’ll win !
• Go on, you can do it!
• Don’t give up!
• Keep it up!
• No pain, no gain.
• This is for your best ..
• I'm sure you will pass ...

Preventing Someone from Doing Something

Preventing is an expressions to prohibit someone to  do  something that he/she don’t want.
 

Expression of Preventing :

• You mustn’t ...!
• You shouldn’t (really) ...
• You’d better not ...
• (For godness sake) Don’t look!
• You can’t ...!
• You’re not (really) supposed to ...
• I don’t really think you should ...
• Stop! Wait! (Or other imperatives)

Discussion Text

Kalau melihat judul di atas, mungkin yang terlintas di pikiran kita adalah orang yang sedang berdiskusi. Jadi, Discussion Text itu apa ya? apakah kumpulan pendapat orang-orang? emm.. kurang tepat mungkin jika disebut begitu.

Lebih tepatnya, Discussion Text adalah teks yang berisikan suatu wacana atau masalah yang ditulis dari dua sudut pandang yang berbeda (biasanya pro dan kontra). Nah, untuk lebih detailnya, simak tulisan berikut ini !

Asking about Possibilities, Expressing Curiosity and Desire, Expressing Views

Asking about Possibilities

• Would it be possible for (somebody) to …?
• Do you think it’s possible that ... ?
• What possibility is there that ... ?
• Is there any possibility that ... ?
• What's the possibility of ... ?
• What are the chances of ...?
• Do you think you can…?
• Is it possible that ... ?
• Is it possible to ... ?
• Are you capable of…?

Responding an ask about possibility :

• Yes, it is.
• That’s possible.
• Sure. It can be.
• I think so.

Expressing Curiosity :

• I want to know...
• I’m curios about...
• I’m eager to know...
• What I’d really like to find out is …
• I’d be very interested to know …
• I’ve been meaning to ask you.
• I’d like to know …
• I wish I knew …
• I’d love to know …
• What’s on your mind?
• I wonder …?

Responding curiosity :

• You can ask him in person.
• Let’s find the answer. I am also curios about it.
• Let time show us the truth.

Expressing Desire :

• I wish I could...
• I want to...
• I’m interested...
• I’m wondering...

Expressing Views

• I support your decision.
• If I were you,..
• Personally I believe…
• In my view, …
• It seems to me…
• From my point of view…
• I’d just like to say…
• Well, to my mind this scene…
• Personally, I consider…
• To be perfectly frank…
• If you ask my view about it, I will say that I agree with it.

Agreeing with a view :

• Thank you.
• Of course.
• You're absolutely right.
• Yes, I agree.
• I think so too.
• That's a good point.
• Exactly.
• I don't think so either.
• So do I.
• I'd go along with that.
• That's true.
•  Neither do I.
•  I agree with you entirely.
•  That's just what I was thinking.
•  I couldn't agree more.

Disagreeing with a view :

• That's different.
• I don't agree with you.
• However…
• That's not entirely true.
• On the contrary…
• I'm sorry to disagree with you, but…
• Yes, but don't you think…
• That's not the same thing at all.
• I'm afraid I have to disagree.
• I'm not so sure about that.
• I must take issue with you on that.
• It's unjustifiable to say that...

Bussiness Letter

Topik kali ini adalah Bussiness Letter atau surat bisnis. Ada beberapa jenis format surat bisnis. Nah, gambar di atas merupakan contoh untuk Full Block Format dan Modified Block Format. Dilihat aja udah keliatan, kan, bedanya apa. Tapi, selain itu, ada lagi aturan-aturan yang mesti diperhatikan. Mari kita lihat !

Explaination Text

Pernahkah kita berfikir, mengapa cahaya putih dapat terurai menjadi 7 warna berbeda? Atau bagaimana mungkin air di bumi ini tak pernah habis? Dan banyak lagi pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang menuntut penjelasan. 

Kalau di pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kita hanya mengenal 5 jenis karangan saja, dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada buanyaaaakkk jenis text. Salah satunya adalah Explanation Text, yaitu text yang berisi penjelasan mengenai proses-proses yang terjadi di alam, sosial, atau kebudayaan. Mari kita lihat uraian lengkapnya !

Complaining and Giving Instruction

Apa itu complaining? Complaining itu bisa diartikan sebagai komplain, keluhan, atau protes mengenai sesuatu yang membuat kita tidak nyaman. Hal ini sering kira temui dimana-mana, terutama menyangkut tentang pelayanan.
Kalau misalnya, suatu hari kita lagi jalan-jalan di luar negeri nih, terus kita mau komplain tentang kamar hotel, tentunya kita harus menyampaikannya dalam bahasa internasional, yaitu Bahasa Inggris. Sehingga, perlu bagi kita belajar "sedikit" tentang jenis expression yang satu ini.
Berikut adalah beberapa contohnya, tinggal diisi titik-titiknya dengan apa yang mau dikomplain.

Making Suggestion and Requesting Something

Making suggestion bisa diartikan menjadi membuat saran atau usul. Sedangkan Requesting something berarti memesan atau meminta sesuatu. Tentunya hal ini sering kita lakukan dalam kehidupan kita sehari-hari. Tentunya dengan cara yang baik juga sopan supaya apa yang kita sampaikan bisa direspon dengan baik.

Nah, sekarang kita belajar tentang Making Suggestion.

2nd and 3rd Conditional Sentences

"Andaikan aku punya sayap, ku 'kan terbang jauh mengelilingi angkasa..."

Pernah dengar penggalan lagu di atas? Pengandaian akan sesuatu yang gak mungkin gitu ya kayanya. Punya sayap? Hmm.. kapan ya manusia bisa punya sayap? :D tapi yang namanya pengandaian, apa saja sah-sah saja, asalkan tidak yang negatif yaaa. Tidak baik.

Nah, pengandaian yang kayanya gak mungkin itu, kalo dalam Bahasa Inggris dikategorikan sebagai 2nd Conditional Sentences. Seperti apa itu? Mari kita lihat! 

1. 2nd Conditional Sentences 

a. Definition: 

2nd conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. This page will explain how the second conditional is formed, and when to use it.  (Contrary-fact) 

b. The structure of a second conditional sentence 
Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:

If clause	Main clause
If I had a million dollars,	I would buy a big house.

If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

If Clause	Main clause
if I had a million dollars	I would buy a big house

If clause	Result Clause
If + simple past (V2)	would + V1

*Note: If, there’s a “to be” on the sentence. That’s only “were” 
c. Examples & Using of Conditional Sentences

Example :	Explanation:
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.	I am not you — this is unreal.
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.	Dogs don't have wings — that's impossible.
If I were a doctor, I would check your health.	In the Fact – You’re not a doctor.
If I had enough money, I would go to Seoul.	In the Fact – You don’t have any money.
If I studied hard, I would pass the test successfully.	In the fact- You don’t study hard, so you don’t pass it successfully.

2. 3rd Conditional Sentences

 "Kalau saja kemaren aku libur, aku akan ikut papah jalan-jalan keliling Indonesia."

Nah, kalo kalimat diatas, menunjukan kalo sebenarnya yang mengucapkan itu pengen ikut jalan-jalan, tapi kenyataannya, dia gak bisa gara-gara gak libur. Kalau yang seperti ini, masuk ke kategori ketiga, yaitu 3rd Conditional Sentences. 

a. Definition 

3rd  conditional  sentences  is   an “impossible condition” , meaning it is contrary to the  fact in the  past  and there is no hope for the situasion to occur because you were imagining something in the past. 

b. The structure of 3^rd Conditional Sentences 
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:

If clause	if + subject + past perfect verb*
Main clause	subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participleIf clause

If clause	Main clause
If I had gone to surabaya last week,	I would have met my grandparents for the last time.

*Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:

Full form	If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form	If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.

c. Using the third conditional 

The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:Example

Example	Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.	Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.	Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.	Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.