2nd and 3rd Conditional Sentences

"Andaikan aku punya sayap, ku 'kan terbang jauh mengelilingi angkasa..."

Pernah dengar penggalan lagu di atas? Pengandaian akan sesuatu yang gak mungkin gitu ya kayanya. Punya sayap? Hmm.. kapan ya manusia bisa punya sayap? :D tapi yang namanya pengandaian, apa saja sah-sah saja, asalkan tidak yang negatif yaaa. Tidak baik.

Nah, pengandaian yang kayanya gak mungkin itu, kalo dalam Bahasa Inggris dikategorikan sebagai 2nd Conditional Sentences. Seperti apa itu? Mari kita lihat! 

1. 2nd Conditional Sentences 

a. Definition: 

2nd conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. This page will explain how the second conditional is formed, and when to use it.  (Contrary-fact) 

b. The structure of a second conditional sentence 
Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:

If clause	Main clause
If I had a million dollars,	I would buy a big house.

If the “if” clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma:

If Clause	Main clause
if I had a million dollars	I would buy a big house

If clause	Result Clause
If + simple past (V2)	would + V1

*Note: If, there’s a “to be” on the sentence. That’s only “were” 
c. Examples & Using of Conditional Sentences

Example :	Explanation:
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.	I am not you — this is unreal.
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.	Dogs don't have wings — that's impossible.
If I were a doctor, I would check your health.	In the Fact – You’re not a doctor.
If I had enough money, I would go to Seoul.	In the Fact – You don’t have any money.
If I studied hard, I would pass the test successfully.	In the fact- You don’t study hard, so you don’t pass it successfully.

2. 3rd Conditional Sentences

 "Kalau saja kemaren aku libur, aku akan ikut papah jalan-jalan keliling Indonesia."

Nah, kalo kalimat diatas, menunjukan kalo sebenarnya yang mengucapkan itu pengen ikut jalan-jalan, tapi kenyataannya, dia gak bisa gara-gara gak libur. Kalau yang seperti ini, masuk ke kategori ketiga, yaitu 3rd Conditional Sentences. 

a. Definition 

3rd  conditional  sentences  is   an “impossible condition” , meaning it is contrary to the  fact in the  past  and there is no hope for the situasion to occur because you were imagining something in the past. 

b. The structure of 3^rd Conditional Sentences 
Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:

If clause	if + subject + past perfect verb*
Main clause	subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participleIf clause

If clause	Main clause
If I had gone to surabaya last week,	I would have met my grandparents for the last time.

*Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:

Full form	If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form	If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.

c. Using the third conditional 

The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:Example

Example	Explanation
If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.	Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game.	Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer.	Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer.